Do all ethical theories allow for self-interest to some extent?

The assertion that all ethical theories allow for self-interest to some extent can be understood through the distinction between various ethical perspectives. Ethical theories range widely, from consequentialism, which may endorse self-interested actions if they lead to the best outcomes, to deontological ethics, which may seem more rigid but can still accommodate self-interest within certain moral duties.

For instance, even in deontological frameworks, an individual's responsibilities may sometimes align with their self-interest, such as in the case of fulfilling personal obligations that also promote one's welfare. Furthermore, virtue ethics emphasizes character traits, which can include self-care, as a component of a well-rounded individual.

While some ethical theories might prioritize altruism or collective welfare, they may still recognize that self-interest plays a role in human motivation and behavior. Consequently, it’s fair to argue that self-interest is acknowledged, to varying degrees, across most ethical theories as a fundamental aspect of human nature and decision-making. This understanding justifies claiming that all ethical theories allow for self-interest in some capacity.