How should involuntary risks be managed compared to voluntary risks?

Involuntary risks, which individuals cannot control or choose to accept, should be managed with greater caution than voluntary risks. This is because involuntary risks often involve safety, health, and ethical considerations that affect individuals without their consent or ability to opt-out. Minimizing these risks is crucial to protect individuals who may not have the means or knowledge to avoid potential harm.

For example, in engineering and design, any project that poses an involuntary risk to the public must prioritize safety measures and regulations to mitigate potential dangers. This includes thorough risk assessments and adherence to safety standards to safeguard people who might be affected by the outcome of the design.

On the other hand, voluntary risks are typically accepted by individuals who understand the implications of their choices, such as participating in extreme sports or investing in a high-risk venture. The onus is on the individual to make informed decisions here, making it appropriate to allow for larger levels of acceptable risk.

Overall, the emphasis on minimizing involuntary risks aligns with ethical obligations to protect individuals from harm, particularly when they are not in a position to make informed choices about their own safety.