What does Act-Utilitarianism advocate regarding rules?

Act-Utilitarianism is a consequentialist ethical theory that emphasizes the outcomes of individual actions rather than adherence to fixed rules. Its primary focus is on maximizing overall happiness or utility for the greatest number of people. This approach suggests that while rules can provide general guidance, they are not absolute and can be overridden if breaking a rule would produce a better outcome for the majority.

The correct answer reflects the core principle of Act-Utilitarianism, which allows for the flexibility of rules based on the context of the situation. If breaking a rule leads to a greater overall benefit, Act-Utilitarianism advocates for that course of action. This perspective allows for moral decision-making that prioritizes results over rigidly following established guidelines.

In contrast, other options imply a stricter adherence to rules without consideration of consequences. For example, stating that rules should never be broken or should be followed strictly does not align with the Act-Utilitarian framework, as it suggests an inflexible approach that could lead to less desirable outcomes. Saying that rules are optional could misinterpret the role of guidance they provide in ethical decision-making, failing to acknowledge that while rules are important, their relevance can be context-dependent in the utilitarian view.